
Shortness of breath
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Shortness of breath, clinically referred to as dyspnoea, is a common yet distressing symptom that can affect individuals of all ages and health statuses. It is characterised by a subjective sensation of difficulty in breathing, which may manifest as a feeling of suffocation, chest tightness, or an inability to take a deep breath. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and necessary investigations for shortness of breath is crucial for effective diagnosis and management.
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Symptoms of Shortness of Breath
The experience of shortness of breath can vary significantly from person to person, depending on the underlying cause. Common symptoms associated with dyspnea include:
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Chest Tightness: Many individuals report a sensation of pressure or constriction in the chest.
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Wheezing: This is a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing, often indicative of airway obstruction.
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Fatigue: Shortness of breath can lead to increased effort in breathing, resulting in overall fatigue.
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Feeling of Suffocation: Some may describe an overwhelming sensation of not being able to get enough air.
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Difficulty Inhaling or Exhaling: This may be experienced as a struggle to breathe deeply or to exhale fully.
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Chest Pain: Discomfort may occur, particularly during exertion or deep breaths.
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Fainting Sensation: In severe cases, individuals may feel lightheaded or faint due to inadequate oxygenation.
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Causes of Shortness of Breath
Shortness of breath can arise from a wide range of conditions affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, as well as other systemic issues. The most common causes include:
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Asthma: A chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing and difficulty breathing.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A progressive lung disease that obstructs airflow, often caused by smoking.
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Heart Failure: A condition where the heart is unable to pump effectively, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
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Heart Attack: Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle can cause sudden shortness of breath, often accompanied by chest pain.
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Anemia: A deficiency in red blood cells can lead to decreased oxygen transport, resulting in breathlessness.
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Anxiety and Panic Attacks: Psychological factors can manifest as physical symptoms, including hyperventilation and feelings of suffocation.
Investigations for Shortness of Breath
When a patient presents with shortness of breath, a thorough evaluation is essential to determine the underlying cause. The healthcare professional will then decide which tests they would like to perform. To rule out cardiac causes, it is essential to obtain an echocardiogram. Sometimes and ECG monitor would be required too.
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At My Heart we can help you with these investigations and a cardiology consultation as well if you need one.
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